(Beritadaerah – Komoditi) Kementerian Pertanian terus berkomitmen mengembangkan varietas unggul kedelai di Indonesia. Kedelai merupakan komoditas dengan permintaan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan kedelai sangat diperlukan, terutama untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri.
Berbagai pemuliaan kedelai dilakukan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (Balitbangtan) di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi (Balitkabi). Balitkabi sedang berkolaborasi dengan PT. DNM (Dwitunggal Nusa Mandiri) dalam hal penyediaan benih kedelai untuk dikembangkan di Desa Tontalete, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Varietas kedelai yang digunakan adalah Devon 1 dan Detap 1. Kegiatan penanaman ini ditujukan untuk memproduksi benih pokok.
Kepala Balitbangtan Dr. Fadjry Djufry mengungkapkan bahwa varietas unggul kedelai tersebut memiliki produktivitas tinggi. Sehingga diharapkan hasil pengembangan bisa disebarluaskan ke petani dan masyarakat umum.
“Dengan adanya varietas unggul ini, ke depan tidak ada lagi petani rugi karena produktivitas rendah atau losses. Misalnya Detap 1 yang tahan terhadap pecah polong sehingga bisa mengamankan kehilangan hasil,” ucapnya, Kamis (18/2/2021).
Devon 1 merupakan varietas unggul dengan potensi hasil hingga 3,09 ton/ha dan rata-rata hasil 2,75 ton/ha. Varietas yang dilepas pada tahun 2015 ini memiliki ukuran biji yang besar dengan bobot sebesar 14,3 gram/100 biji.
Keunggulan lain dari Devon 1 adalah tahan terhadap penyakit karat daun dan agak tahan hama pengisap polong. Selain itu, kedelai Devon 1 mengandung isoflavon yang lebih tinggi yaitu 2.200 µg/g. Senyawa isoflavon pada kedelai bermanfaat untuk mencegah kardiovaskular, osteoporosis, dan mencegah kanker.
Sementara itu, varietas unggul Detap 1 memiliki rata-rata hasil sebesar 2,70 ton/ha. Varietas yang dilepas pada tahun 2017 ini memiliki keunggulan tahan pecah polong dengan rata-rata jumlah polong sebanyak 72 polong/tanaman.
“Pentingnya fungsi benih yang berkualitas untuk mendongkrak pencapaian produksi yang tinggi. Karena itu, benih yang dilepas oleh balai komoditas harus terus dikembangkan, disebarkan, dan dipergunakan di lahan petani,” ujar Menteri Pertanian Syahrul Yasin Limpo.
Pengembangan varietas kedelai perlu dilakukan dan membutuhkan kolaborasi dengan stakeholder terkait. PT. DNM yang turut melakukan penanaman benih mengaku puas dengan hasil dari varietas Devon 1 dan Detap 1.
Pada pengembangan tahap awal PT. DNM, seluruh penanaman ditujukan untuk produksi benih. Sertifikasi benih akan dilakukan untuk kelas benih BP (Benih Pokok, SS).
“Harapannya, pada musim berikutnya, benih kedua varietas dari penanaman pertama dapat digunakan untuk perluasan areal tanam di Sulawesi Utara, yang sebetulnya juga potensial untuk produksi kedelai,” ujar Cecilia.
Emy T/Journalist/BD
Editor: Emy Trimahanani
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